| Spartan Warriors & Greek Hoplites; Homer's The Iliad & The Trojan Horse of History: Historical Illustrations and a brief introduction to the legendary warriors of Ancient Greece. Information and illustrations featuring Ancient Spartan Warriors; The battle of Marathon, Thermopylae & the 300 Spartans: Greek Hoplite Warriors; The Trojan Wars, Helen of Troy, Achilles, Alexander the Great, and History versus Mythology... A fun and informative multi-media presentation in word paintings, music, and visual art... Featuring exciting new scientific & historical illustrations with word paintings by Contemporary American Visual Artist Howard David Johnson. Newly Updated! | ||||||
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ANCIENT GREEK HOPLITE WARRIORS of HISTORY and LEGEND:
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![]() "Achilles Triumphant" the classic scene from Homer's "The Iliad" by Howard David Johnson Achilles Triumphant ( Trojan War Circa 1194 B.C. ) Achilles, shown here in his chariot humiliating the defeated Trojan champion Hector - was killed seconds later by Paris with a poisoned arrow ( guided by Apollo to his one vulnerable spot ) - the classic Achilles' heel. Achilles' death was not mentioned in The Iliad, but hinted at and The Odyssey only mentions his funeral. The Aethiopsis took up the story of Achilles after The Iliad with his slaying the Amazon Penthesilea and his legendary death. Achilles was worshipped in many ancient places including Sparta. This demigod's legend was certainly based on a real man. We can only guess what he looked like as no certain statue nor clear written descriptions remain, but artistic representations on pottery do. The oldest of these only dating back to the 7th century B.C. - six hundred years after the event. |
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| PRELUDE TO THERMOPYLAE: THE BATTLE OF MARATHON
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(Click on the illustrations to learn how to order poster size reprints...) |
In the early days of history the Greeks differed vastly from the other two great civilized systems on the Nile and the two rivers of Mesopotamia. Persian King Darius was displeased with Greek settlements in Asia and attacked Greece directly in 490 B.C. A great naval force fashioned to carry horses and entire armies was long and carefully prepared to subdue all of Greece, beginning with Athens. The Athenians hoped to delay battle until elite reinforcements from Sparta should join them, but the landing of the invasion force at Marathon being reinforced by Persian sympathizers nerved them to attack first. The two pronged attack was designed to lure the Athenian army away from Athens. The Greeks advanced their phalanx (a wall of shields & spears) slowly until they came within range of the Persian archers, when they broke into a run. The arrows were ineffective at close range compared to the Greek spears. Soon they retreated, but the Greeks ran them down them from behind and killed them and war as we know it was born. After Pheidippides made his famous run from Marathon to Athens he cried out the news; "Rejoice! we conquer!" and then he died from exhaustion. The Greek City-states had proven that they could fight and win even without the elite Spartans. |
So Greece, united for a while by fear, gained her first victory over Persia. According to Herodotus the Persians lost 6,400 men, the Athenians only 192. The decisive victory gave Athenians confidence in the future of their city and their civilization. Darius received the news of this and of a rebellion in Egypt and died while planning his response. Xerxes, his son and heir quickly dealt with Egypt and then set out to re-invade Greece.
"Return with your shield or on it" was every Spartan Mother's wartime farewell to her son.
Not even a Spartan Mother could forgive cowardice...
... the heavy shield made flight impossible ...
The REAL Battle of THERMOPYLAE and the REAL 300 SPARTANS
Legendary in the annals of history are the Spartan Warriors of Ancient Greece. Fearless defenders of liberty, they followed a strict military way of life. In 480 B.C. three hundred Spartans under King Leonidas stood alone at the end against the enormous Persian army under the tyrannical King Xerxes who was sweeping southward into Greece. The 300 Spartans fought to the death against these impossible odds in the narrow mountain pass at Thermopylae (Gates of Fire ). The Persians took shocking casualties. Their narrow lines of wicker shields and short javelins were no match for the highly disciplined Spartan lines with their large bronze shields and long spears who slaughtered the Sea of Persians wave after wave. It was only after a betrayal of a secret path and the 700 Greek allies were ordered home to warn Greece that the 300 Spartans were finally overcome. Although the Spartans contributed little to the artistic and intellectual development of Greece, ironically, without them Democracy and Freedom would have been wiped out in their infancy... |
The TROJAN Wars and the TROJAN HORSE
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Earlier Spartan legends: Helen of Troy ( circa 1194 B.C. ) was often called"the face that launched a thousand ships" and "the most beautiful woman who ever lived". The Trojan War resulted when Paris, the prince of Troy carried her off during the reign of her husband the Spartan King Menelaus.
Here Helen has just seen the sea lights of her husband's enormous amphibious invasion fleet on the horizon. To recover Helen, the Acheans under Agamemnon, brother of Menelaus lay ferocious siege to Troy to no avail for ten years until Troy's champion Hector was killed by Achilles, the bravest, handsomest, and swiftest of the army of Agamemnon, and he by in turn by Paris with a poisoned arrow guided by Apollo to his one vulnerable spot - the classic Achilles' heel while he rode in his chariot parading Hector's corpse...
"Let us make an armed reconnaissance round the city and find out what the Trojans mean to do next, whether they will abandon their fortress now that their champion has fallen, or make up their minds to hold it without Hector's help." ~Homer
At last a wooden horse was contrived. Odysseus had masterminded a strategy to break the stalemate...
The Trojan Horse...
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In whose hollow interior many elite Achean Warriors hid themselves... leaving Their Giant Gift outside the city and withdrawing their army and fleet to Tenedos, feigning to have raised the siege. The Trojans conveyed the wooden horse into the city. Later that night the Greeks stole out and opened the gates, and Troy was taken. The Spartan King Menelaus recovered Helen and forgave her. She was long thought to be merely a part of mythology - partly because of lack of evidence and partly because of the colorful portrayals of the Olympian gods as real beings in Homer's "The Iliad"- prejudiced the scientific and academic communities to disregard the testimony of our surviving ancient histories
- until Archaeologists excavated Troy.

Also from Homer's The Iliad- "Achilles and Patroclas" MMVII mixed media
Now, The Trojan War is one of the Legends of History as well... Herodotus and Thucydides, like ancient pagan writers generally, accepted the Trojan War as historical, but criticized what they politely called "epic statements" in detail. Traditional genealogies, collated by Hecataeus of Miletus and others , enabled Eratosthenes to date the fall of Troy to 1194 B.C. This is consistent with the accounts of the Roman scholar Pliny the elder and Egyptian records from Rameses' time as well.
Alexander the Great, Conqueror of the World
Phillip conceived and planned everything, building the army and beginning the Persian expedition before his death. For a time the whole world, from the Adriatic to the Indus, was under one ruler; realizing the dreams of his father. He and 90 of his generals and friends married Persian brides. This was called the marriage of Europe and Asia. At 31, he had been in possession of the Persian empire for six years and wore the robes and tiara of a Persian monarch. He broke with Greek tradition by shaving his face, becoming notoriously violent, vain, and egotistical in his last days. His career marks an epoch in human history and he remains a controversial figure to this day.
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VISIT POD PUBLISHING FOR BEAUTIFUL POSTER SIZE REPRINTS
AND A VARIETY OF PAYMENT OPTIONS, SIZES, PAPERS, AND PRICES
Howard David Johnson works in a wide variety of media * Oil paintings * Acrylic Paintings * Prismacolor Paintings * Drawings * Chalk & Oil Pastel Paintings * Photography * and last but not least: Digital Artistry & Mixed Media * Because of the use of photography in everything he does, even Johnson's all-oil paintings can be termed mixed media.*
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The belief in Olympian gods and monsters was as commonplace then as our superstitions are today and some people are still prone to embellish true events with "epic statements".
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Coming soon from Brandywine Press!
These beautifully printed 11" x 8.5" 64 page hardcover and trade paperback versions feature 48 full page interior plates in full color starting at only $24.99 USD. Less than the price of a single poster! Featuring A concise and entertaining Outline of History written and illustrated by American Artist & Photographer Howard David Johnson. |
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ON SALE NOW: POSTER ART ART BOOKS PUBLISHING LICENSES ORIGINAL ART ART INSTRUCTION |
Thank you for visiting The Spartan Warriors of Ancient Greece Art Gallery...
The Johnson Art Galleries Site Map Deutsch Dutch Greek Italiano De Portugese Espanol Francais Japanese Chinese The Galleries of Contemporary American Historical & Fantastical Illustrator Howard David Johnson Click on the Icons to visit the Educational Galleries of Realistic Art: Including Mythology of Greece, Rome, Asia, The Celts, The Norsemen, and more...Fairy and Dragon legends, The King Arthur Legends, The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, Paintings of Ancient Egypt and Babylon, Ancient Mystic Religious texts, War and Civilization from The Ancient Spartans and the Trojan Horse to World War Two, The World's Great Religions, free lessons in Art Technique and Essays on Art and technology. |
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STYLE and TECHNIQUE
"Those who are enamoured of practice without science are like a pilot who goes into a ship without rudder or compass and never has any certainty where he is going. Practice should always be based upon a sound knowledge of theory, of which perspective is the guide and gateway, and without it nothing can be done well in any kind of painting."
| Howard David Johnson is a contemporary visual artist and photographer with a background in |
| the natural sciences and history. He works in a wide variety of media ranging from traditional |
| oils, pastels and others to cutting edge digital media. He loves mixing media. This site features |
| examples of his Realistic Art, including illustration, photography, experimentalism, and fine art |
The various galleries linked to by the icons above show many examples of His Realistic Art, and are grouped by theme rather than media. There are also sample illustrations from his upcoming books on Celtic Myth and Legend and World Myth & Legend. Since boyhood he has passionately copied the old masters. To create his work, he usually starts with a thematic concept followed by a rough realistic pencil sketch, then followed by his photography, often traveling to find suitable scenes and locations and then working in his Photography studio with live models from his sketches. He then assembles a variety of elements which are realistic and original. As a boy he dedicated his life to art in 1960. From 1965- 1999 he used xeroxes and tracings to make his preliminary photo montages. This is patterned after the manner used by Maxfield Parrish and other 19th century notables. Beginning with a tracing, he then draws or paints from these complex original Computer Photo Montages. Many of these are on display on this web and slated for future completion in a variety of traditional realistic art media. As this happens, the finished work is substituted in the exhibit. |
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He has built up an enormous library of original source photos to use in his realistic art. Recently he shot hundreds of aerial photos of clouds at marvelous angles and perspectives and also looking down on the mighty mountains, rivers, and deserts of the American west while flying from Texas to Oregon and back for dynamic source material for realistic flying scenes in upcoming paintings, drawings, and pictures. For decades he has sought out the most beautiful models and brought them in for sessions in his photography studio. Using a strategy employed by J. W. Waterhouse, the old master HDJ imitates most- see Helen of Troy ( a recognizable tribute ) and The Messenger ( in the spirit of Waterhouse ) both featuring Grace- his wistful and graceful models cannot be underestimated in their contribution to the stunning beauty and the potential for lasting appeal of his work. |
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Bonus Section: Personal Opinion Essays on Realistic Art yesterday and today by the artist.
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"Painting, in art, the action of laying colour on a surface, or the representation of objects by this means. Considered one of the fine arts"
~Encyclopaedia Britannica.
"Painting. noun. 1.) The act or employment of laying on colors or paints. 2.) The art of forming figures or objects in colors on canvas or any other surface, or the art of representing to the eye by means of figures and colors any object; the work of an illustrator or painter. 3.) A picture; a likeness or resemblance in shape or colors. 4.) Colors laid on. 5.) Delineation that raises a vivid image in the mind; as in word painting.
~ Webster's Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language
Essay One: Realistic Art: THE MORE THINGS CHANGE, THE MORE THEY STAY THE SAME... (A Brief essay dealing with attitudes toward Traditional Realistic Paintings, Pastels, Colored Pencils and Art Numérique ) |
| But how does this new Digital Art media fit in with formal definitions of Art?
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Art ( noun ) [ Middle English, from Old French, from Latin ars (stem art-). ] 1. Human effort to imitate, supplement, alter, or counteract the work of nature. 2. The conscious production or arrangement of sounds, colors, forms, movements, or other elements in a manner that affects the sense of beauty; specifically, the production of the beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium. 3. The product of these activities; human works of beauty, collectively. 4. High quality of conception or execution, as found in works of beauty; aesthetic value. 5. Any field or category of art, such as painting, music, ballet, or literature. 6. A non-scientific branch of learning; one of the liberal arts. 7. a. A system of principles and methods employed in the performances of a set of activities: the art of building. b. A trade or craft that applies such a system of principles and methods: pursuing the baker's art. 8. A specific skill in adept performance, conceived as requiring the exercise of intuitive faculties that cannot be learned solely by study: the art of writing letters. 9. a. Usually plural. Artful devices; stratagems; tricks. b. Artfulness; contrivance; cunning. 10. In printing: Illustrative material as distinguished from text. ~ The American Heritage College Dictionary of the English Language *****
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Essay Two Realistic Art : The Rebirth of Realism in the 21st Century More thoughts on realistic art yesterday and today by the artist |
Art History has entered a new era with the birth of Art Numérica, or digital art media in the 21st century. Artists never stop exploring with mediums. Artists have been developing techniques, experimenting with different tools since at least twenty- five thousand years ago, when the first artist picked up a charred stick and scratched a picture out on the wall of his cave. You'd think everything would have been tried by now, but it hasn't. Exploring new mediums this very day is just as exciting, just as full of freshness and newness as it ever was.
Photography, Drawing, Painting and Digital Artistry combined |
The creation of Realistic art has been the goal of most artists since the dawn of civilization. Realistic art was the pride of ancient Greece. The world's greatest museums are full of realistic art. Realistic art WAS art until the advent of the abstract expressionist movement in the twentieth century. The coming of the camera in the nineteenth century changed realistic art forever. Suddenly, realistic art was not the only way to create realism in portraits and historical records. The work of the realistic artist was suddenly made into an expensive luxury. The political power of the realistic artist was broken and they were no longer an indispensable member of society. Hostility to the creators of realistic art goes back to ancient times and the jealousy of advisers to the Pharaohs and others who were not able to spend as much time with their rulers as their portraitists. Although with the aid of photographs, realistic art achieved levels of excellence undreamed of, the realistic art movement of the late nineteenth century was short. |
| None of these people earning their living creating realistic art could compete with the speed and low cost of photographic portraiture. Determined to survive, great realistic artists like Pablo Picasso ingeniously turned inward and began to explore things that could not be photographed in a new school of art, abstract expressionism. ( I was astonished to discover that even HE often referenced photographs! ) The day of the fine art superstars had arrived. It was now largely just a hobby to abstract and realistic artists alike. Illustration, because of advances in printing technology enabled an elite few to earn a living with their realistic art. These illustrators working in realistic art media were condemned and ridiculed in much the same way Europe's great symphonic composers were condemned for working in motion pictures after fleeing the nazis during World War Two. The rift between realistic and abstract art grew wider and wider. The universities and key media usually sided with the abstract camp and derided anyone working in any realistic art media declaring boldly that realistic art was not "real" art. Immortal giants of realistic art such as Maxfield Parrish and N.C. Wyeth were mistreated their entire lives. They were accused of selling out for creating beautiful pieces of realistic fine art to earn a living. The attitude that the true artist must suffer and starve and die in poverty became a rule. There were the Abstract art superstars, the professional realistic illustrators, and the hobbyists who, although cut off from gainful employment and social influence still recognized their artistic gifts as a calling rather than a profession. | |
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( Pandora's Box- rendered in Prismacolor pencils ) |
Early
abstract art masters proved themselves as realistic artists before delving into
realms of the intangible. They had to do this at that time to prove themselves because of
the challenges they faced from the establishment for going against the status quo. In the
latter part of the 20th century, realistic artists like HDJ were challenged to do abstract
art to prove themselves as shown in the example above (Deirdre of the sorrows). Later
realistic art training was abandoned in most schools and things like splattering paint in
fits of rage were deemed more than enough. By the end of the 20th century something
as destructive and ridiculous as nailing a pack of cigarettes to a shoe was considered
fine art but NOT realistic art or realistic paintings which were referred to as "Mere
illustrations". Fashions in art have often been as silly as fashions in ladies
hats. As the century drew to a close, many people had had enough. The realistic revolt was at hand. |
| The rebirth of realism was fueled by the advent of the digital era. Now, for the first time in almost two centuries, a realistic artist or illustrator could earn a decent living again with his realistic art. This is historic. Realistic art is not going to go away, especially now that photography has truly merged with traditional realistic visual art. Photography comes from the Greek words meaning "painting with light". Now with the advent of digital media the capability of realistic art has become almost limitless, truly, "painting with light". The merger of all the world's art forms to realize the potential of motion pictures has come now to still realistic art media. This website has many examples of combining music, prose, & poetry with photography and traditional realistic art media to create an experience beyond merely looking at realistic paintings. | |
| The
twenty- first century is already seeing a new renaissance in the arts because of the world
wide web. There has never been anything like it. Abstract art, computer art, photographic
art, and realistic art are continuing to be separate schools of art but are also blending
to create exciting new horizons. Although Digital art does offer completely new horizons
to the realistic artist and the abstract artist in the 21st century it does not mean the
end of our time honored art traditions. Instead, it offers additional ways to keep these
traditions and schools of thought fresh and alive. ~ HDJ ***** |
All these images & text are legally copyrighted & were registered with the U.S. Library of Congress Office of Copyright in 2004 by the author, Howard David Johnson All rights reserved worldwide. Permission for many legal non-commercial uses is freely available by simply contacting the author or visiting www.howarddavidjohnson.com/permission.htm
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an educational multi- media presentation in visual art, music, prose, and essay.