BEYOND REALISM: T |
"Mystery, Babylon the Great"
( MMI |
|
(What would Sigmund Freud say about that I wonder?)
Melting
things are not necessarily surrealistic & surrealism is as vast as the human psyche.
Sometimes Surrealism is very ugly, sometimes it is very beautiful. Everyone has
different things enslaved in or enslaving them from their subconscious mind.
The monsters, angels demons, wild beasts, fearless heroes,
mythical creatures and
insanely gorgeous femme fatales shackled deep in my subconscious mind
run free in my Surrealist and Phantasmagorical art.
~Howard David Johnson |
"Elven Fairy Magic" MMVII Prismacolor Pencils and "Valkyrie Maiden" MMX Mixed Media
"Let us not mince words:
the marvelous is always beautiful, anything marvelous is beautiful, in fact only
the marvelous is beautiful."
"We are still
living under the reign of logic: this, of course, is what I have been driving
at. But in this day and age logical methods are applicable only to solving
problems of secondary interest."
"All Hallows Eve" MMX is an oil painting on 20 x 16 canvas
and
"
"Ezekiel's Vision" MMX (left) and "The
Angels of Forgiveness" MMX (right) were both
rendered in mixed Media
"Surrealism does not allow those who devote themselves to it to forsake it
whenever they like. There is every reason to believe that it acts on the mind
very much as drugs do; like drugs, it creates a certain state of need and can
push man to frightful revolts."
"Krishna and Kaliya the
Demon Serpent" MMXI
Thank You for Visiting the
Surrealistic Art Gallery of Howard David Johnson Who is
Surrealist Artist Howard David Johnson? In David's
invitation to the Florence Biennale Contemporary Art Exhibition, (a
partner in the United Nations' Dialog among Nations), UN
Secretary General Kofi Anon wrote: "Artists have a special
role to play in the global struggle for peace. At their best,
artists speak not only to people; they speak for them. Art is a
weapon against ignorance and hatred and an agent of public
awareness... Art opens new doors for learning, understanding, and
peace among nations."
A
portrait of the artist in his painting studio as he
is today. This
2009 photo was taken by his youngest son Erich.
Some of David's more prestigious clients have included the
National Geographic Society, the University of Texas, the
University of Cambridge in England, Universal Studios, Paramount
Studios, PBS TV, Adobe Photoshop Auto FX, Doubleday, the History
Book of the Month Club and J Walter Thompson Advertising.
Licenses to print his existing work are available at
surprisingly affordable prices. Realistic Oil Paintings, Colored
pencils, Pastels, Mixed media, and Digital art can also be
commissioned for select projects - Working in a variety of
traditional and cutting edge digital media he offers his
customers a variety of options and more than thirty years of
experience.
As an
illustrator David has not only used the computer but has been
involved in the development of filter imaging software for Adobe
Photoshop.
He
delivers custom made copyright free illustrations and offers old fashioned
cortesy and customer service when
he does work-for-hire. On his existing works license offers start at $100.00.
CLICK
ON THESE LINKS OR E-MAIL FOR THE JOHNSON GALLERIES' VARIOUS
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This
Surrealistic Art
Gallery has been honored by more than
35,000,000 Unique Visitors from the
Four
Corners of the Earth My
Friends from around the world thus far : England, Canada,
Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Germany, France,
Monaco, Andorra, Italy, The Vatican City State,
Greece, Macedonia, Cyprus, Turkey, Belgium, Denmark,
The Faroe Islands, Greenland, Yugoslavia, Macedonia, Croatia,
The Czech Republic, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Luxembourg, Latvia, Estonia, Hungary, Bulgaria,
Lithuania, Poland, Austria, Romania, Spain, The Russian Federation, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Moldova,
Malta, Iceland, Finland, Norway, Netherlands,
Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Sweden, Portugal, Albania, Armenia, Georgia,
Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Gibraltar, Israel,
Palestinian Territories, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Algeria,
Niger, Saudi Arabia, Oman, The United Arab Emirates, Kuwait,
Bahrain, Qatar, Yemen, Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Syria,
Lebanon, Morocco, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Liberia,
The Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Kenya, Angola, Ghana, The Ivory Coast,
Zambia, Zimbabwe, Sudan, Nigeria, Namibia, Uganda, Kenya, Eritrea,
Tanzania, Botswana, Malawi, Senegal, Djibouti, Cameroon,
Chad, Gambia, Mozambique, Swaziland, Lesotho, South Africa,
Seychelles, Viet Nam, Japan, South Korea, China, Hong Kong, Macau,
Mongolia, Mauritius, Singapore, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar,
Macau, Malaysia, Taiwan, Nuie, New Zealand, Fiji,
Cook Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, American Samoa, Australia,
Micronesia, Polynesia, Papua New Guinea, The Heard and McDonald Islands,
The Philippines, Guam, Palau, Cocos Island, The Kingdom of Tonga,
Malaysia, Brunei Darussalem, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bhutan,
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Chagos Islands, The Republic of Maldives,
Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tadjikistan, Nepal, Indonesia,
Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Brazil, Peru,
Aruba, Venezuela, Bolivia, Suriname, Guyana, Aruba,
The Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados,
The Virgin Islands, Saint Lucia, The Netherlands Antilles, Panama, Saint Vincent & Grenadines, Grenada, Ecuador,
Belize, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Bermuda, Cuba,
Jamaica, Dominica, Haiti, Puerto Rico, Cayman Islands, Anguilla, The Bahamas, Honduras, Mexico,
Madagascar, Central African Republic, Gabon,
San Marino, Saint Kitts & Nevis Anguilla, Azerbaidjan, Burkina Faso,
Equatorial Guinea, Mauritania, Burundi, and my home, The Great Free State of
Idaho (USA)... I think that's everybody
but, if your home is not listed here please
e-mail and tell us where you're from... info@howarddavidjohnson.com We love hearing from you! Your business, letters & links are
always welcome. E-mail for courteous service...
Enter a world of Beauty and Imagination...
The Surrealistic Art Galleries of
Contemporary American Artist Howard David Johnson
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STYLE and TECHNIQUE With
a background in traditional media including oils, pastels and colored
pencils, David now embraces leading edge digital media in the creation
of his depictions of Surrealistic art, folklore, mythology, legend,
religion, and heroic history. He
works in and mixes
a wide variety of media * Oil paintings * Acrylic Paintings *
Prismacolor Paintings * Drawings * Chalk & Oil Pastel Paintings *
Photography * and last but not least: Digital Artistry & Mixed
Media * "Those who are enamoured of
practice without science are like a pilot who goes into a ship without rudder or compass
and never has any certainty where he is going. Practice should always be based upon a
sound knowledge of theory, of which perspective is the guide and gateway, and without it
nothing can be done well in any kind of painting."
"Kissed by an Angel" MMVII
The various galleries linked to by the icons
above show many examples of His surrealistic Art, and are grouped by theme rather than media.
Since boyhood he has passionately copied the old
masters. Using a strategy employed by J.W. Waterhouse (The old master David
has imitated most) - his wistful and graceful models cannot be
underestimated in their contribution to the stunning beauty and the
potential for lasting appeal of his work. To create his work, he usually
starts with a thematic concept, then working in his Photography studio with live models. He then assembles a variety of elements which are realistic and
original. As a boy he dedicated his life to art in 1960. From 1965- 1999 he used xeroxes and tracings to make his preliminary photo montages. This is patterned after
the manner used by Maxfield Parrish and other 19th century notables. For this he offers no apology as many of
the greatest artists in history employed any and all means of technology at
their disposal such as Camera Obscura or even the evil manufactured tube
paints.
See his article below:
"On Art and Technology:
When Seeing is Not Believing" An essay dealing with mechanical
aids to visual art from Camera Obscura to Computers for more on this.
The digital montage is a natural evolution of
the preliminary photo collage David learned from great Realistic
illustrators like Maxfield
Parrish and Norman Rockwell. His
favourite medium for Fantasy art used to be colored pencil for most of his
career because of the
high speed and low expense, and people began expressing difficulty in
telling his colored pencil drawing from photographs in the early 1980's. In
recent years he has grown fonder of oil and mixed media. In
the last 35 plus years he has also mastered Oils, Pastels, Acrylics,
Watercolors, Inks, Scratchboard, Gouache, Photography, and the highly
controversial digital media (Art Numérica). As a commercial
illustrator Johnson has not only used the computer to create fantasy Art but
has been involved in the development of computer imaging software. Working in a realistic style inspired by classic
illustrators HDJ is deeply rooted and grounded in the Greco-Roman artistic tradition,
Feeling that with all realistic art, the human form is the ultimate arena for artistic
expression. His lifelong dream came true when his Traditional Realistic Art was exhibited
in the British Museum in London England in 1996. His mixed media has also been displayed
in numerous other ones since such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Having achieved
international acclaim as a traditional visual artist he discovered digital media ( Art
Numérica ) in 1999. Because of his passion for
realistic art and photography he elected to embrace it and be a part of this historic era
in the visual arts as a 21st century Fantasy artist.
Since
1972 when he began his career as a scientific illustrator for the University of Texas he
has earned his living illustrating all kinds of books, magazines, CD covers, and all sorts
of games, greeting cards, calendars, portraits, murals and the like with his contemporary
realistic art... HDJ's Fantasy Art has appeared in every major
bookstore chain and fantasy gaming shop in The United States and has been used in
educational texts and magazines all over the world. This site features Fantasy Art
paintings & pictures for the twenty-first Century including some
oil
paintings, as well as lots of other exciting media such as colored pencil drawings,
pastel paintings, acrylic paintings, gouache paintings, watercolor paintings, and pencil
drawings, and also featuring studio, field, & aerial photography, digital
painting and photo-montage and all these media mixed in an assortment of experimental
combinations...Working in a wide variety of media to create his Fantasy art he offers his
customers a host of payment and product options. He delivers the rights to these custom
made copyright free fantasy art illustrations and old fashioned customer service when he
does work-for-hire.
HDJ's Fantasy Art creations take their
inspiration from the realistic paintings of the old masters just as West Side Story came
from Romeo and Juliet. Our shared cultural heritage, great works of art, literature, music
and drama, cinema, folk tales and fairy tales are all drawn upon again and again by the
creators of new works. These works in the public domain are both a catalyst and a
wellspring for creativity and innovation. Where would Walt Disney be without the Brothers
Grimm, Hans Christian Anderson, or Victor Hugo? Where would Aaron Copeland have been
without American folk music? Thomas Nast's Santa Claus without traditional images of
Father Christmas? Pablo Picasso without African art? Public domain appropriators, one and
all. Johnson accepts select commissions to paint custom oil paintings
with down payments starting at only one thousand dollars. He grants permission for most
educational purposes simply for the asking. To use his existing realistic art works
outside the classroom he offers low cost license offers starting around $100.00.
Use the e-mail links above or below
to contact him... *****
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Personal Opinion
Essays and articles on Realistic Art yesterday and today by the artist. In addition to his mastery of
traditional oil painting media, Howard David Johnson now combines drawing, painting,
photography, and digital media with more than thirty years of experience in these fields
to create his Art Numérica in 21st century
paintings and pictures. Did you know the Greek word "Photography" means
"Painting with Light"? Today with the advent of computers it truly lives up to
it's name. Due to developments in Art and Technology, a broader definition of painting is
needed than that which is found in common usage. Announcing Art Numérica -an exciting merger of traditional visual art and cutting edge
technology... a new form of surreal art for the twenty- first century... Art Numérica is not
limited to fantastic or surreal art but also offers limitless horizons for everything from cartoons to
abstractions. It is the most dramatic development in the visual arts since the Renaissance.
In the words of Al Jolson in the movie world's first talking picture" You ain't seen
nothin' yet!" What
is your definition of Art? Essay One: "THE MORE THINGS CHANGE, THE MORE THEY STAY THE SAME..." "Painting, in art,
the
action of laying colour on a surface, or the representation of objects by this means.
Considered one of the fine arts" ~Encyclopaedia Britannica.
"Painting. noun. 1.) The act
or employment of laying on colors or paints. 2.) The art of forming figures or objects in
colors on canvas or any other surface, or the art of representing to the eye by means of
figures and colors any object; the work of an illustrator or painter. 3.) A picture; a
likeness or resemblance in shape or colors. 4.) Colors laid on. 5.) Delineation that
raises a vivid image in the mind; as in word painting. ~ Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
of the English Language
Essay Two
: The
Rebirth of Realism More thoughts on Realistic &
Fantastical Art yesterday & today by the artist
Art History
has entered a new era with the birth of Art Numérica, or
digital
art media in the 21st century. Artists never stop exploring with mediums. Artists have
been developing techniques, experimenting with different tools since at least twenty- five
thousand years ago, when the first fantasy artist picked up a charred stick and scratched
a picture out on the wall of his cave. You'd think everything would have been tried by
now, but it hasn't. Exploring new mediums this very day is just as exciting, just as full
of freshness and newness as it ever was.
Early abstract art masters proved themselves as realistic
artists before delving into realms of the intangible. They had to do this at that time to
prove themselves because of the challenges they faced from the establishment for going
against the status quo. In the latter part of the 20th century, realistic artists like HDJ
were challenged to do abstract art to prove themselves as shown in the example above
(Deirdre of the sorrows). Later realistic art training was abandoned in most schools and
things like splattering paint in fits of rage were deemed more than enough. By the
end of the 20th century something as destructive and ridiculous as nailing a pack of
cigarettes to a shoe was considered fine art but not realistic paintings. Fashions in art
have often been as silly as fashions in ladies hats. As the century drew to a close,
many people had had enough. The realistic revolt was at hand. The rebirth of realism was
fueled by the advent of the digital era. Now, for the first time in almost two centuries,
an artist or illustrator could earn a decent living again with his realistic art. This is
historic. Realistic art is not going to go away, espescially now that photography has
truly merged with traditional realistic visual art. Photography comes from the Greek words
meaning "painting with light". Now with the advent of digital media the
capability of realistic art has become almost limitless, truly, "painting with
light". The merger of all the world's art forms to realize the potential of motion
pictures has come now to still realistic art media. This website for example, combines
music, prose, poetry, photography and traditional realistic art media to create an
experience beyond merely looking at realistic paintings. The twenty- first century is already seeing a new renaissance in the arts
because of the world wide web. There has never been anything like it. Abstract art,
computer art, photographic art, and realistic art are continuing to be separate schools of
art but are also blending to create exciting new horizons. Although Digital art does offer
completely new horizons to the artist in the 21st century it does not mean the end of our
time honored art traditions. Instead, it offers additional ways to keep these traditions
and schools of thought fresh and alive. ~ HDJ ***** Essay VI Copyright Law and the Visual Arts in
the Computer Age An introduction to the Millennial
Copyright Act for Artists A brief essay on 21st century legal
boundaries, guidelines, and western art traditions by the artist
"All art is ultimately some form of
imitation, even if you are an expressionist painter imitating an abstract vision in your
own mind. These new visual art creations of mine take their inspiration in part from the
realistic paintings of the old masters just as The Lord of the Rings comes from The Ring
of the Nibelung and European folklore, West Side Story came from Romeo and Juliet, which
was in turn inspired by Antony and Cleopatra. Much as Rubens copied Titian, I copy
Waterhouse and so on. Over the last 300 years,
ideas about female beauty have drastically changed and this has caused many of the most
wonderful paintings of the old masters to seem 'ugly' to youthful modern audiences. For
example, in the days of Peter Paul Rubens, being forty to sixty pounds over-weight was
considered not only attractive, but was a status symbol. Beauty is in the eye of the
beholder and tastes have clearly changed. I feel many classic themes need to be redone to preserve interest and appeal for
future generations. This has happened many times before as artists like Aesop, The
Brothers Grimm and Walt Disney have appropriated, modified, and re-defined elements of our
culture to preserve it for future generations. The legality of such use today depends on
whether or not the source is protected by copyright law. You can draw or paint
Shakespeare's fairies for example and publish them without permission but not more modern
intellectual properties like characters from Star Wars or Mickey Mouse who holds the
oldest copyright dating from 1928.
Our
shared cultural heritage, great works of art, literature, music and drama, cinema, folk
tales and fairy tales are all drawn upon again and again by the creators of new works.
These works in the public domain are both a catalyst and a wellspring for creativity and
innovation. Even though all my Realistic
Paintings are legally new works and protected under copyright law their inspiration
sometimes comes in part from works in the public domain.
The
public domain is a space where intellectual property protection ( copyright ) does not
apply. When copyrights and patents expire, innovations and creative works fall into the
public domain. They may then be used by anyone without permission and without the payment
of a licensing fee.
My sources have been transformed so much in
the creation of these new works of art that they would not violate an existing copyright
even if they were so protected. Publicly
owned national parks are also considered by many to be public domain lands. Because of the
recent extensions of the terms of both copyrights and patents, and the privatization of
lands and other resources owned by the Federal Government, little is now entering the
public domain. Look for new litigation and another time extension when Disney
Corporation's Mickey Mouse copyright is due to expire in 2023. Where would Walt Disney be
without the Brothers Grimm, Hans Christian Anderson, or Victor Hugo? Where would Aaron
Copeland have been without American folk music? Thomas Nast's Santa Claus without
traditional images of Father Christmas? Picasso without African art? These are artists who
made names for themselves and even fortunes through Public Domain appropriation, one and
all.
Some people are actually outraged that
there are some intellectual properties that corporations do not own. They feel
appropriation is only appropriate if a corporation does it. Corporations created by
public domain appropriation, now are the most powerful force on Earth trying to put a stop
to new things entering the public domain forever through lawsuits. The public domain is a
space where intellectual property protection ( copyright ) does not apply. It was set up
by our founding fathers, who felt creativity needed to be rewarded on a personal level for
a time, and when copyrights and patents expired, innovations and creative works would fall
into the public domain. They may then be used by anyone without permission and without the
payment of a licensing fee. Publicly owned national parks are also considered by many to
be public domain lands. Because of the recent extensions of the terms of both copyrights
and patents, and the privatization of lands and other resources owned by the Federal
Government, little is now entering the public domain. Look for new litigation and another
copyright law time extension when Mickey Mouse's copyright expires in 2023. This is least
likely to hurt the motion picture companies who produce new works "in house"
granting themselves permission, but the music industry which does not is being hit very
hard already. If a new song release resembles an old one, now there is litigation.
Since
the public domain is a treasure trove of information and resources to be used by future
generations, many advocates are concerned that its stagnation will make it more and more
difficult for future generations to find creative inspiration.
Art Tradition and etiquette suggest the most influential should be
mentioned at exhibits; these original Fantasy Art pieces Shown in my exhibits take
their inspiration in part from the paintings of Waterhouse, Alma-Tadema, Moreau,
Bouguereau, Leighton, Ingres, Moore, Parrish, Rackham and others. They showcase some
of my favorite models. As a student of fine art, copying is a great way to learn and
create fine art, but as a professional fantasy illustrator things are very different.
Works done by artists out of personal motivation belong to the artist who created them,
and they can sell licenses for divers forms of publication. The law is clear and simple
regarding illustration done for gainful employment. They are called
"work-for-hire" under the law, and such works specifically commissioned and paid
for belong exclusively to the customer and the artist must specifically ask permission to
ever legally use their own work themselves.
My art is
divided into two distinct groups; personal work partially copying the old masters and
professional illustration applying these lessons to create totally original works. I start
more often with a specific written request. This is the exact OPPOSITE approach to
creating a picture from copying something that's there. Research comes first. In the case
of the Greek Heroes to your left, there were no accurate sources in the public domain to
copy correct Greek armor and weapons in combat poses from. Mostly I found scantily clad
men standing around with the wrong helmets. Finding history books at the library with the
accurate helmets, shield designs, weapons, and armor was essential to get an accurate
depiction of a Greek Hoplite. All the library had were stiff museum poses of
anything. I hit the research jackpot with some very simplistic flat line drawings of great
authentic Greek shield designs. All the elements must be found, gathered and assembled to
create the dramatic action scene the client wanted. Next comes the layout. This is where
the mathematics and geometric design come into the creative process. My wife, Virginia
took a picture of me nearly twenty years ago on a carpentry project with the heroic Jack
Kirby like pose I was looking for mixed with the texture and feel of a Frank Frazetta or
Norman Rockwell painting. Naturally, in these cases I go to great lengths to make sure
that my work looks nothing whatsoever like it's various inspirations and sources except in
flavor and spirit. Of course, the characteristic old master's painting feel to the
background most of my illustrations have was requested, and the picture was to have the
flavor of a Howard Pyle painting.
With
regards to use of mechanical aids to create my fantasy art: Did you know the old masters
traced? To create his immortal "Mona Lisa" Leonardo Da Vinci used "Camera
Obscura" which is two mirrors set at 45 degree angles around the corner with
parchment over it to trace onto. Michaelangelo used a similar technique for the Sistine
Chapel. Think that makes it too quick and easy? You'll find once you've finally got that
outline done right you're a long, long, way from being finished in any medium... if these
men who set the standard for realistic excellence used them, why shouldn't those who come
after them be permitted? Simple, because this is one of the most carefully guarded
"secrets of the old masters" and most people don't know very much about art
history... When asked why I usually work from photos I like to re-tell Norman
Rockwell's story about having to paint a chicken: He set it up on a stump in a barn and
goes to painting. The chicken moves it's head. He moves it back. The chicken jumps down.
He puts it back. He goes to paint. now the chicken decides to make a break for it... he
chases it down clucking and screaming and puts it back. Now it knows he's going to have it
for dinner and it goes completely berserk. The next day, he came in and set the chicken
back, snapped it's picture, and the photo held nice and still."
When asked
why I usually work from photos I like to re-tell Norman Rockwell's story about having to
paint a chicken: He set it up on a stump in a barn and goes to painting. The chicken moves
it's head. He moves it back. The chicken jumps down. He puts it back. He goes to paint.
now the chicken decides to make a break for it... he chases it down clucking and screaming
and puts it back. Now it knows he's going to have it for dinner and it goes completely
berserk. The next day, he came in, put the chicken back up and snapped it's picture, and
the picture held completely still...
I have built up an enormous library of original 35 mm source photos for use in my Fantasy
Art. For decades I have been seeking out the most beautiful models and sometimes
their boyfriends and bringing them in for sessions into my photography studio. Using a
strategy employed by J. W. Waterhouse, my wistful and graceful female models cannot be
underestimated in their contribution to the stunning beauty and the potential for lasting
appeal of my work. I am always make sure to both pay them for their time and also the
rights and with the exception of my closest friends and family who are always making cameo
appearances I get a written contract. The law with regards to rights to photography is
simple- if you own the negative you own the rights. This is the main reason I use my own
photographs. With regards to using copyrighted material as a reference- When you
have to paint a wombat you can't fake it- you need a picture! The law understands this and
automatically grants provision - within reasonable limits; when using copyrighted
sources for reference the source image must be sufficiently transformed in overall
appearance in the translation so as not to be what the law calls "confusingly
similar"... if it's newer than 1928 you can bet it's probably copyrighted- if it's
newer than 1999 under the millennial copyright act it is automatically copyrighted without
even filing. This new law is clear and easy to understand as well as great for creative
artists and their estates, who will hold rights for one hundred years after the artists
death."
~ Howard David Johnson M M
I V ***** Keep
scrolling down for Info about Art Books & posters, licensing and more
articles... Essay VII On Art
and Technology: When Seeing is Not Believing
An essay dealing
with mechanical aids to visual art from Camera Obscura to Computers
When the
camera was finally made commercially available in the 1830's it exploded on the world
scene and sent shockwaves through the art world as history had never seen before. Visual
artists all over the world were suddenly put out of work and resentment and outrage
followed. Suddenly much more realistic portraits could be had at a tiny fraction of the
cost of a painting and delivered almost instantly. The art world would never be the same.
When motion picture cameras were new, seeing was believing and human consciousness changed
forever in the 20th century. Sometimes even Terror and Panic came from the initial shock!
In 1905 cinema patrons defecated and urinated in their seats as they broke each other's
arms and legs desperately fleeing for their lives from a crowded theater to escape a train
charging straight for them! ... train footage filmed safely from a bridge with a camera
lowered down on a rope. A modern cinema patron would not even feel uncomfortable. The
Photograph and its manipulations have changed human consciousness and history... and will
continue to do so in the future. The Camera has changed everything.
The Camera of Today owes
it's origin to the Camera Obscura, a light- tight box with a lens and a screen that
receives an image. This device has been used by artists since ancient times to trace the
projected image of whatever they set before it on a screen. Intrigued by the idea of
producing a permanent light-formed image instead of reproducing it by hand, a long line of
inventors studied the problem and successively made contributions to the solution. Photography was neither
discovered nor invented by any one man. It was the outcome of the early observations of
the alchemists and chemists on the action of light, a subject that belongs strictly to the
domain of photochemistry. Although the blackening of silver salts was known in 1565, it
was not until 1727, when Johann Heinrich Shulze of Germany used a mixture of silver
nitrate and chalk under stenciled letters, that it was definitely recognized that this
darkening action was caused by light and not by heat. In the years that followed
experiments with silver nitrate on leather and wood were successful. In 1817 J. Nicephore
Niepce first tried photography with silver nitrate and paper. In 1826, L.J.M. Daguerre, a
painter who had experimented with silver salts approached him and formed a partnership. Daguerre discovered
accidentally that that the effect produced by exposing an iodized silver plate in a camera
would result in an image if the plate were fumed with mercury vapor. The Daguerreotype
process was a complete success. These chemical processes would be improved again and again
until the advent of the digital camera we know today. The attitude that Photography
was not art and was a purely mechanical process requiring no talent whatsoever was put
forth with great force and hostility in an attempt to get people to refrain from choosing
it for their portraits instead of paintings. This is a typical reaction to new technology,
when Pastels were first invented they were dismissed as a childs plaything rather
than a viable art medium. These attacks on new technology are not limited to the arts of
course. When the Wright brothers were making history at Kitty hawk with the first manned
airplane their detractors said: "If man were meant to fly, he'd have been born with
wings." This kind of negativity is just human nature to some kinds of people. Photography came into being through an
artistic, not a scientific urge. Daguerre was an artist, a scene painter whose
illusionistic diorama was a landmark in Paris long before his name was connected with
photography. Critics were merciless as usual, with scathing condemnations of the media.
However, in the hands of a sensitive artist, photography quickly showed it's artistic
possibilities. David Octavious Hill, a Scottish Painter invented the camera set up and the
pose as we know them today in the 1840's and was the first of a new breed of master
photographic artists. Photography was here to stay. Diverse forms of retouching techniques
followed both by accident and by design and took the medium to new levels of artistic
excellence. Now, more than a century and a half later only an uneducated or blindly
hateful person would say Photography is not an art form. Of course we've all seen our
share of awful pictures with the heads cut off taken by amateur photographers but we've
also seen the work of studio masters like the great portrait photographers from Hollywood
in the 1930's and forties. Anyone who has tried to create such a sophisticated studio
photograph realizes quickly that this is a very difficult art form to master even if a
trained orangutan can take a bad snapshot with an instant camera made for children. The use of Photography as a mechanical aid to
traditional oil paintings and other forms of realistic art came right away. This is not
surprising since artists had been tracing from Camera Obscura for thousands of years.
Famous Myths; Leonardo Da Vinci ( 1452-1519 ) is often credited with the invention of
Camera Obscura because he used it for his masterworks during the Renaissance and mentioned
it in his notebooks, but this is simply not true. Similarly, Americans are credited with
the camera, but it is also not true. Origins: Unlike the camera, the inventor and time of
invention of Camera Obscura are unknown. Perhaps a crude form of it was known to the
ancient Greeks, but there is no material evidence to substantiate such a point of view.
The mathematical precision and perfect anatomy of Greek art combined with their passionate
love of science and mathematics is testimony enough for many scholars. The earliest clear
description of Camera Obscura occurs in the great optical treatise of the Islamic
scientist Al-Hazen who died at Cairo, Egypt in A.D. 1098. His Opticae Thesaurus ( Book of
optics ) was rendered into Latin sometime during the 12th or 13th century by an unknown
translator. Al- Hazen honestly declares that he himself did not discover it, so we know
from this it had to have been masterminded before A.D. 1098.
In
the early 1600's the telescope came into use and Camera Obscura spared viewers the harmful
effects of gazing directly into the sun. I regret, but that we must acknowledge the fact
that almost every art medium throughout the ages has been corrupted. In the 2nd century,
the Roman emperor Hadrian had the head of his lunatic predecessor Nero removed from a
statue and replaced by that of his favorite. Much later in 1539, Holbein painted a
glamorous and flattering portrait of Anne of Cleves for Henry VIII. When the future queen
arrived in England, King Henry met the surprisingly less than dazzling and glamorous Anne.
His disappointment made history. Our modern society certainly can't claim t he honor nor
take the blame of being the first to manipulate art forms.
By the 21st century instead of the traditional assistants and apprentices, artists
employed overhead transparency projectors, opaque projectors, artographs, light tables,
slide projectors, color photocopying... and suddenly, computers and image editing
software, which brings us to some very compelling controversies regarding these modern
imaging technologies and their impact on various media and further changes to human
consciousness. For example: The integrity of Photography as evidence in our courts of law
stood for many decades until it was shattered by the digital manipulation of photographs
and new standards needed to be introduced. Websites sold peeks at photos of
celebrities' heads pasted onto photos of wild women in scandalous poses for all the world
to see- but advertised as real celebrity pix. Scandal rocked television and other news
media when digitally altered photographs were being passed off as reliable evidence of
important news stories... On a positive
note, no one was threatened by how this technology enabled motion pictures to do epic
things they could only dream of before. They were supposed to be make-believe images
appearing real! A golden era in special effects cinema ensued. Then, this powerful digital
imaging technology, like the camera, fell into the hands of the common man through
computer programs like Adobe Photoshop. A new culture of skepticism had abandoned the age
old adage; "seeing is believing" Photography has never told the whole truth,
just parts of it. Photography is also an art form and therefore rightfully susceptible to
creative alterations. In addition, the advancement of digital manipulation technology
cannot be undone or halted. I believe that we must recognize that this digital technology
exists on a gigantic-scale, and will never go away. Therefore, I suggest that digitally
altered photos are distinct from traditional photography, and should be treated as such. Contrasting views: anti-manipulation
advocates fear a negative impact of digital manipulation in a court of law, and
pro-manipulation advocates say that we must wake up to the fact that for for decades
pictures have not been reliable evidence in court and that any good lawyer will attempt to
discredit photographic evidence. In response to claims that photos should always tell the
truth, the pro-manipulation camp would say that photos have never told the unvarnished
truth. A camera shows, and has always only shown, a fraction of reality, and even then
what we see is taken out of context or even fabricated. Photography from its onset has
been subjected to modifications. In 1839, the Frenchman Louis-Jacques Daguerre patented
the daguerreotype, or what could be called the first "picture." Simply
explained, the daguerreotype combined the usage of the camera obscura and silver iodide to
produce a permanent image on a copper plate. A very exciting innovation, Daguerre boasted
of it, "With this technique, without any knowledge of chemistry or physics, one will
be able to make in a few minutes the most detailed views" ("Photography").
Almost immediately, the daguerreotype, especially daguerreotype portraits, became
immensely popular. Its popularity, of course, can be attributed to its novelty, but also
because people believed the daguerreotype produced a more real image than a painting. The
general attitude toward the daguerreotype was that it could create images more
realistically because there was no artist to interpret and modify it in his own style. Opponents
of Digital Manipulation insist Photography should always represent the truth, asserting
Photography's first and foremost function is to portray reality. Many assume that
photographs have never been manipulated, and that this recent outbreak in digital
technology damages the integrity of photography. Without delay, anti-manipulation
proponents demanded an end to all "dishonest" photography, as it severely
misleads the public. Also, they view digital manipulation as a purely mechanical process,
with no talent or skill involved. Furthermore, anti-manipulation proponents fear
manipulated photos might acquit murderers or rapists in courts of law. The thought that
photography had replaced painting abounded. "As if photography needed to absolve
itself from its original sin--of having brought about the death of
painting", a movement known as pictorialism thrived around 1890-1914, the Art Nouveau
period. Proponents of pictorialism primarily set out to gain the recognition of
photography as an art rather than just a mechanical process. The pictorialists fashioned
bizarre and oddly focused images in order to prove photography was indeed a creative art.
It was here that such concepts as shading and enhancing during development appeared.
Because of these new shadings and angles, it can be said that Art Nouveau saw the dawn of
"Photo manipulation." So the manipulation of photography actually began early in
the the 20th century. In
1982 there was outrage over the manipulation of the Great Pyramids on the cover of
National Geographic but the Genie was out of the bottle. There was no going back. In the
1990s Computer programs like Adobe Photoshop began to be available to the general
public. Now, even someone with little or no talent could produce delightful works. On the
other hand, sensitive artists could produce masterpieces on a scale undreamed of. It seems
clear that using this technology to willfully falsify photographs for slanderous,
scandalous, or persuasive ends is morally wrong, but what about using it to create obvious
unreality that looks real or Fantastical Realism in art as in pictures of fairies or
mythic creatures? What is realism? Realism in Art and
literature has always meant that the artist attempts to represent persons, scenes, things,
and facts as they are, life as it is. The word is used in many senses- as opposed to
romanticism, to conventionalism, to sentimentalism, to idealism and to imaginative
treatment. Sometimes it is a term of praise, and sometimes it is a term of derision.
During the 19th and 20th centuries the use of the word realism often implied that the
details brought out were of an unpleasant, sordid, obscene, or generally offensive
character. Even the greatest illustrators of the day were ridiculed. Realism is commonly
applied to a 19th century school of writers and artists; but realism, in it's prime and
proper sense, is as old as art and literature themselves, but in the hands of it's most
notorious exponents, it quickly degenerated into a connotation of the more sinister
features of realism.
Many 20th century contemporary realists and artists working in the Photo Realism style
were trained in an educational system openly hostile or dismissive to Classical realism
and art tradition and were only taught the tenets of Abstraction and Expressionism. As a
result many of these artists are more akin to the abstract and expressionist schools than
the "Classical Realism" of the ancient Greeks, which adored beauty and nature.
Contemporary Realism does not embrace the math and design of the Classical school but does
not frown on beauty. Photo Realism only strives to look as much like a photograph as
possible and sometimes the results are shocking or disturbing. Other times they are
mundane and so ordinary as to be boring. They often deliberately decline to select
subjects from the natural, beautiful, and harmonious and more especially, depict ugly
things and bring out details of an unsavory sort for social and political purposes. The
real mission of Photo-realism is not to record everyday life like a Norman Rockwell
painting, but to expose the unconscious way we look at and accept photographs. By the 20th century realism had spread to
nearly all nations- realistic elements combined with those of Impressionism, Symbolism,
and other movements. Fantastic Realism on the other hand, is born of these movements and
tied to them in style and technique, but prefers to explore subjects that are strange or
strikingly unusual rather than scenes of everyday life or objects. It is often bizarre in
form, conception and appearance and even wondrous in its beauty. Sometimes macabre and
grotesque, it is rarely boring like the other forms of Realism in visual art so often are.
Fantastic Realism can be completely apart from reality, yet appearing to be quite real. It
is versatile in that it can combine with or be a part of the Classical, Contemporary or
Photo-realistic schools or stand as a style unique unto itself. I combine elements from
all of these schools of Realism and then take it a step further by also combining a wide
variety of media from traditional oil paintings to today's cutting edge digital media in
my exhibits. Naturally, the darker side human nature shows itself again with condemnation
of new schools of expression, and new art media and technology. Like the photographers
before them, digital artists wanted the recognition of their work as an art rather than
just a mechanical process. Unlike the snapshot camera or an abstract painting, a trained
chimp or orangutan cannot do it: it takes the same visionary and eye to hand skills as any
traditional art media to do it well Since the times of the ancient
Greeks, Art History records a relentless quest for Realism and artistic excellence. The
masters of each generation strove to perfect their craft, then passed on the torch of
their accumulated knowledge and skill to the next generation. The accomplishments and technological
breakthroughs of one generation have often set new standards of excellence for the next. ~ Howard David Johnson MMIV *****
Thank You for Visiting the
Phantasmagorical Surrealism Exhibit of Howard David Johnson This gallery
is dedicated to Salvador Dali, the Great Grand Master of
Surrealist Art... *****
Howard
David Johnson is a contemporary illustrator and scholar with a
background in the natural sciences, mythology, and history. His
illustrations have appeared in every major bookstore and game
shop chain in America as well as magazines and educational texts
around the world. H D Johnson, or David as he is called, works
in a wide variety of media ranging from traditional oils,
pastels and others to today's cutting edge digital media. After
a lifetime of drawing and painting, Johnson's Traditional
Realistic Art was exhibited in the British Museum in London in
1996, ( 3 years before he got his first computer ) as well as
numerous American ones since, such as the Metropolitan Museum of
Art.
Howard David Johnson is a
contemporary Fantasy artist & photographer with a background in
the natural sciences and
history. He works in a wide variety of media ranging from traditional
oils, pastels and
others to cutting edge digital media. He loves mixing media. This site features
examples of
his Fantasy Art, including illustration, photography, experimentalism, and fine art.
The creation
of Realistic art has been the goal of most artists since the dawn of civilization.
Realistic art was the pride of ancient Greece. The world's greatest museums are full of
realistic art. Realistic art WAS art until the advent of the abstract expressionist
movement in the twentieth century. The coming of the camera in the nineteenth century
changed realistic art forever. Suddenly, realistic art was not the only way to create
realism in portraits and historical records. The work of the realistic artist was suddenly
made into an expensive luxury. The political power of the realistic artist was broken and
they were no longer an indispensable member of society. Hostility to the
creators of realistic art goes back to ancient times and the jealousy of advisers to the
Pharaohs and others who were not able to spend as much time with their rulers as their
portraitists. Although with the aid of photographs, realistic art achieved
levels of excellence undreamed of, the realistic art movement of the late nineteenth
century was short.
None
of these people earning their living creating realistic art could compete with the speed
and low cost of photographic portraiture. Determined to survive, great realistic
artists like Pablo Picasso ingeniously turned inward and began to explore things that could
not be photographed in a new school of art, abstract expressionism. The day of the fine
art superstars had arrived. It was now largely just a hobby to abstract and realistic
artists alike. Illustration, because of advances in printing technology
enabled an elite
few to earn a living with their realistic art. These illustrators working in realistic art
media were condemned and ridiculed in much the same way Europe's great symphonic
composers were condemned for working in motion pictures after fleeing the nazis during
World War Two. The rift between realistic and abstract art grew wider and wider. The
universities and key media usually sided with the abstract camp and derided anyone working
in any realistic art media declaring boldly that realistic art was not "real"
art. Immortal giants of realistic art such as Maxfield Parrish were mistreated their
entire lives. They were accused of selling out for creating beautiful pieces of realistic
fine art to earn a living. The attitude that the true artist must suffer and starve and
die in poverty became a rule. There were the Abstract art superstars, the professional
realistic illustrators, and the hobbyists who, although cut off from gainful employment
and social influence still recognized their artistic gifts as a calling rather than a
profession.
Camera
obscura is a device for tracing or sketching large objects. It consists of a box painted
black inside- a mirror at a 45 degree angle , and a lens, like that used in a
photographic camera. An image is thrown on the mirror by the lens and reflected on the
screen, where it can be sketched with tracing paper. The Camera Obscura was in general use
by newspaper and magazine illustrators until it was replaced by the photographic camera.
Make no mistake. Professionals have been using mechanical aids since the first caveman
shaman traced his hand out on the wall of his cave. The view finder on the reflex camera
is a development from Camera Obscura. Camera obscura, interestingly enough, is Latin for
"darkened chamber".